Eficacia comparativa de los apósitos quirúrgicos Micropore™, Tegaderm™ y Lockit plus® para la fijación del catéter epidural lumbar en niños: ensayo controlado aleatorizado de grupo paralelo prospectivo / Comparative efficacy of MicroporeTM surgical dressing, TegadermTM and Lockit plus® for lumbar epidural catheter fixation in children: a prospective parallel group randomized controlled trial

Antecedentes: La fijación adecuada del catéter epidural es necesaria para evitar su desplazamiento y lograr el efecto deseado del fármaco. Se han utilizado diferentes técnicas para la fijación del catéter epidural. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la eficacia relativa de los apósitos quirúrgicos Micropore™, Tegaderm™ y Lockit plus® en la prevención de la migración del catéter epidural lumbar en niños. Métodos Se estudiaron 167 pacientes de 5 a 16 años, hasta un periodo de 48h después de la cirugía electiva abdominal o de miembros inferiores. Los pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de tres grupos: 1) apósito quirúrgico Micropore™ (grupo M); 2) Tegaderm™ (grupo T), o 3) Lockit plus® (grupo L). Se compararon la incidencia y la extensión de la migración del catéter epidural en centímetros (cm) transcurridas 24 y 48 horas de la fijación epidural. También se analizó la correlación entre la migración del catéter epidural y las características de los pacientes, así como la incidencia relativa de complicaciones en los tres grupos. Resultados La incidencia media de migración del catéter fue de 9,6% a las 24 horas (grupo M: 7,1%; grupo T: 21,1%; grupo L: 0%) y del 45,5% a las 48 horas (grupo M: 66,1%; grupo T: 45,6%; grupo L: 24,1%). Después de 48 horas, la migración absoluta (migración media redondeada al valor más cercano a 0,5cm) fue menor en los pacientes del grupo L: 0,34cm (1,39) en comparación con el grupo M: 1,22cm (SD: 1,85) y el grupo T: 0,94cm (1,94) (p=<0,001). Conclusión Hasta 48 horas después de la cirugía, el dispositivo Lockit plus® demostró una menor migración del catéter epidural en comparación con el apósito quirúrgico Micropore™ o Tegaderm™ en niños sometidos a cirugía electiva abdominal o de extremidades inferiores. (AU)

Background: Proper fixation of an epidural catheter is necessary for desired drug effect and to prevent catheter displacement. Different techniques have been used for epidural catheter fixation. The aim of the study was to compare the relative efficacy of Micropore™ surgical dressing, Tegaderm™, and Lockit plus® in preventing lumbar epidural catheter migration in children. Methods We studied 167 patients aged 5-16 years, for up to 48hrs. after the elective abdominal or lower limb surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) Micropore™ surgical dressing (group M), 2) Tegaderm™ (group T), or 3) Lockit plus® (group L). Incidence and extent of epidural catheter migration in centimetres (cm); was compared at 24 and 48hours post epidural fixation. Correlation between epidural catheter migration and patient characteristics, and relative incidence of complications in three groups was also analysed. Results Incidence of catheter migration was 9.6% at 24hours (group M: 7.1%, group T: 21.1% and group L: 0%) and 45.5% at 48hours (group M: 66.1%, group T: 45.6% and group L: 24.1%). After 48hours, absolute migration (mean migration rounded off to the nearest 0.5cm) was least in patients in group L: 0.34cm (1.39) compared to group M 1.22cm (SD: 1.85) group T: 0.94cm (1.94) (p = <0.001). Conclusion Up to 48 hours after surgery, the Lockit plus® device demonstrated the less epidural catheter migration when compared to micropore surgical dressing or tegaderm in children undergoing elective abdominal or lower limb surgery. (AU)

Comparative efficacy of Micropore™ surgical dressing, Tegaderm™ and Lockit plus® for lumbar epidural catheter fixation in children: a prospective parallel group randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Proper fixation of an epidural catheter is necessary for desired drug effect and to prevent catheter displacement. Different techniques have been used for epidural catheter fixation. The aim of the study was to compare the relative efficacy of Micropore™ surgical dressing, Tegaderm™, and Lockit plus® in preventing lumbar epidural catheter migration in children. METHODS: We studied 167 patients aged 5-16 years, for up to 48 h. After the elective abdominal or lower limb surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) Micropore™ surgical dressing (group M), (2) Tegaderm™ (group T), or (3) Lockit plus® (group L). Incidence and extent of epidural catheter migration in centimetres (cm); was compared at 24 and 48 h post epidural fixation. Correlation between epidural catheter migration and patient characteristics, and relative incidence of complications in three groups was also analysed. RESULTS: Incidence of catheter migration was 9.6% at 24 h (group M: 7.1%, group T: 21.1% and group L: 0%) and 45.5% at 48 h (group M: 66.1%, group T: 45.6% and group L: 24.1%). After 48 h, absolute migration (mean migration rounded off to the nearest 0.5 cm) was least in patients in group L: 0.34 cm (1.39) compared to group M 1.22 cm (SD: 1.85) group T: 0.94 cm (1.94) (p = <0.001). CONCLUSION: Up to 48 h after surgery, the Lockit plus® device demonstrated the less epidural catheter migration when compared to micropore surgical dressing or tegaderm in children undergoing elective abdominal or lower limb surgery.

Evaluation of an enhanced recovery after lung surgery (ERALS) program in lung cancer lobectomy: An eight-year experience.

INTRODUCTION: Enhanced recovery after lung surgery (ERALS) protocols have proven useful in reducing postoperative stay (POS) and postoperative complications (POC). We studied the performance of an ERALS program for lung cancer lobectomy in our institution, aiming to identify which factors are associated with a reduction of POC and POS. METHODS: Analytic retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital involving patients submitted to lobectomy for lung cancer and included in an ERALS program. Univariable and multivariable analysis were employed to identify factors associated with increased risk of POC and prolonged POS. RESULTS: A total 624 patients were enrolled in the ERALS program. The median POS was 4 days (range 1-63), with 2.9% of ICU postoperative admission. A videothoracoscopic approach was used in 66.6% of cases, and 174 patients (27.9%) experienced at least one POC. Perioperative mortality rate was 0.8% (5 cases). Mobilization to chair in the first 24h after surgery was achieved in 82.5% of cases, with 46.5% of patients achieving ambulation in the first 24h. Absence of mobilization to chair and preoperative FEV1% less than 60% predicted, were identified as independent risk factors for POC, while thoracotomy approach and the presence of POC predicted prolonged POS. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a reduction in ICU admissions and POS contemporaneous with the use of an ERALS program in our institution. We demonstrated that early mobilization and videothoracoscopic approach are modifiable independent predictors of reduced POC and POS, respectively.

Evaluation of an enhanced recovery after lung surgery (ERALS) program in lung cancer lobectomy: An eight-year experience / Evaluación de un programa de rehabilitación multimodal en lobectomía por cáncer de pulmón: experiencia de 8 años

Introduction: Enhanced recovery after lung surgery (ERALS) protocols have proven useful in reducing postoperative stay (POS) and postoperative complications (POC). We studied the performance of an ERALS program for lung cancer lobectomy in our institution, aiming to identify which factors are associated with a reduction of POC and POS. Methods: Analytic retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital involving patients submitted to lobectomy for lung cancer and included in an ERALS program. Univariable and multivariable analysis were employed to identify factors associated with increased risk of POC and prolonged POS. Results: A total 624 patients were enrolled in the ERALS program. The median POS was 4 days (range 1–63), with 2.9% of ICU postoperative admission. A videothoracoscopic approach was used in 66.6% of cases, and 174 patients (27.9%) experienced at least one POC. Perioperative mortality rate was 0.8% (5 cases). Mobilization to chair in the first 24h after surgery was achieved in 82.5% of cases, with 46.5% of patients achieving ambulation in the first 24h. Absence of mobilization to chair and preoperative FEV1% less than 60% predicted, were identified as independent risk factors for POC, while thoracotomy approach and the presence of POC predicted prolonged POS. Conclusions: We observed a reduction in ICU admissions and POS contemporaneous with the use of an ERALS program in our institution. We demonstrated that early mobilization and videothoracoscopic approach are modifiable independent predictors of reduced POC and POS, respectively. (AU)

Introducción: Los programas de recuperación intensificada en cirugía de pulmón (por sus siglas en inglés, ERALS) han demostrado ser útiles para reducir la estancia hospitalaria y las complicaciones postoperatorias. Estudiamos los resultados de la aplicación de un programa ERALS para lobectomía por cáncer en nuestro centro con la intención de identificar aquellos factores que se relacionan con la reducción de las complicaciones y la estancia. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes sometidos a lobectomía por cáncer de pulmón e incluidos en un programa ERALS. Se empleó análisis univariable y multivariable para identificar los factores de riesgo de complicaciones y estancia prolongada. Resultados: Un total de 624 pacientes se inscribieron en el programa ERALS. La estancia postoperatoria mediana fue de 4 días (1-63), con una tasa de ingreso en la UCI del 2,9%. El abordaje videotoracoscópico fue empleado en el 66,6% de los casos, y la tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias fue del 27,9%, con una tasa de mortalidad del 0,8% (5 casos). La no movilización en las primeras 24h, y el FEV1% inferior al 60% del previsto, se identificaron como factores de riesgo de complicaciones; mientras que el abordaje mediante toracotomía y la presencia de complicaciones predijeron la estancia prolongada. Conclusiones: Observamos una reducción en la estancia hospitalaria y en los ingresos postoperatorios en la UCI concomitante a la puesta en marcha de un programa ERALS en nuestro centro. La movilización precoz y el abordaje quirúrgico videotoracoscópico demostraron ser predictores independientes y modificables para la reducción de las complicaciones y para la duración de la estancia, respectivamente. (AU)

Percepções de pacientes sobre recuperação cirúrgica retardada: validação do diagnóstico de enfermagem / Percepciones de pacientes sobre recuperación quirúrgica retardada: validación del diagnóstico de enfermería / Perceptions of patients on delayed surgical recovery: validation of the nursing diagnosis

RESUMO Objetivo: validar qualitativamente o diagnóstico de enfermagem Recuperação Cirúrgica Retardada, a partir das percepções de pacientes. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado com 20 pacientes de hospital de referência com seis dias ou mais de pós-operatório. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada como técnica de coleta de dados e, para análise de dados, procedeu-se ao método da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: obtiveram três categorias: Descrição das características definidoras e fatores relacionados a partir do relato dos pacientes; Percepção sobre a recuperação cirúrgica; e Repercussões do retardo da recuperação cirúrgica na vida, na saúde e no bem-estar dos pacientes. Considerações finais: as percepções dos pacientes estiveram intimamente ligadas ao tempo de pós-operatório e prolongamento da internação, o que corrobora a definição do diagnóstico Recuperação Cirúrgica Retardada. Investigações qualitativas auxiliam na compreensão da experiência do paciente quanto ao fenômeno do diagnóstico e situa o cuidado centrado na pessoa. Pode, ainda, auxiliar no delineamento de intervenções de enfermagem assertivas para o alcance da recuperação plena.

RESUMEN Objetivo: validar cualitativamente el diagnóstico de enfermería Recuperación Quirúrgica Retardada, a partir de las percepciones de pacientes. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado con 20 pacientes de hospital de referencia con seis días o más de postoperatorio. Se realizó entrevista semiestructurada como técnica de recolección de datos y, para análisis de datos, se procedió al método del análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: obtuvieron tres categorías: Descripción de las características definitorias y factores relacionados a partir del relato de los pacientes; Percepción sobre la recuperación quirúrgica; y Repercusiones del retardo de la recuperación quirúrgica en la vida, en la salud y en el bienestar de los pacientes. Consideraciones finales: las percepciones de los pacientes estuvieron íntimamente conectadas al tiempo de postoperatorio y la prolongación de la internación, lo que corrobora la definición del diagnóstico Recuperación Quirúrgica Retardada. Investigaciones cualitativas ayudan en la comprensión de la experiencia del paciente en cuanto al fenómeno del diagnóstico y ubican el cuidado centrado en la persona. Pueden, además, ayudar en la definición de intervenciones de enfermería asertivas para el alcance de la recuperación plena.

ABSTRACT Objective: to qualitatively validate the nursing diagnosis Delayed surgical recovery based on patients' perceptions. Method: a qualitative study was conducted with 20 patients from a reference hospital six days or more after surgery. A semi-structured interview was conducted as the data collection technique, and the thematic content analysis method was used for data analysis. Results: three categories were obtained: Description of the defining characteristics and related factors based on the patients' statements, Perception of surgical recovery, and Repercussions of delayed surgical recovery on the patients' lives, health, and well-being. Final considerations: the patients' perceptions were closely linked to the postoperative period and length of stay, which corroborates the definition of Delayed surgical recovery. Qualitative investigations help to understand the patient's experience regarding the diagnosis phenomenon and situate person-centered care. It can also help design assertive nursing interventions to achieve full recovery.

A mobilização precoce está associada à melhor funcionalidade no pós-operatório de cirurgias abdominais? / Is early mobilization associated with better functionality after abdominal surgery? / ¿Se asocia la movilización temprana con una mejor funcionalidad después de las cirugías abdominales?

Introdução: Pacientes submetidos a grandes cirurgias abdominais apresentam riscos de complicações pós-operatórias. A mobilização precoce vem sendo implementada e cada vez mais aplicada, no intuito de prevenir esses eventos. Objetivo: Demonstrar se a mobilização precoce está associada à melhor funcionalidade no pós-operatório de cirurgias abdominais. Métodos: Revisão integrativa de literatura realizada por meio de uma busca bibliográfica junto aos bancos de dados: BVS, Scielo, PedRO e Pubmed por meio dos descritores: mobilização precoce, deambulação precoce, cuidados pós-operatórios, período pós-operatório, estado funcional, exercício físico, reabilitação, funcionalidade e cirurgia abdominal, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Resultados: A amostra final foi constituída por 08 artigos científicos, que foram estruturados em forma de quadro para apresentação de suas principais características, dos métodos e os principais resultados. Conclusão: A mobilização precoce está associada ao retorno rápido à funcionalidade da linha de base pré- operatória, as atividades de vida diária, independência funcional, além do tempo de internação mais curto e menor duração dos desagradáveis sintomas pós-operatórios.

Introduction: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery are at risk of postoperative complications. Early mobilization has been implemented and increasingly applied in order to prevent these events. Objective: to demonstrate whether early mobilization is associated with better functionality in the postoperative period of abdominal surgeries. Methods: an integrative literature review carried out through a literature search in the following databases: BVS, Scielo, PedRO and Pubmed using the descriptors: early mobilization, early ambulation, postoperative care, postoperative period, functional status, physical exercise, rehabilitation, functionality and abdominal surgery, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Results: The final sample consisted of 08 scientific articles, which were structured in the form of a table to present their main characteristics, methods and main results. Conclusion: Early mobilization interferes with the rapid return to preoperative baseline functionality, activities of daily living, functional independence, in addition to a shorter hospital stay and shorter duration of unpleasant postoperative symptoms.

Introducción: Los pacientes sometidos a cirugías abdominales mayores corren el riesgo de sufrir complicaciones postoperatorias. La movilización temprana se ha implementado y aplicado cada vez más para prevenir estos eventos. Objetivo: Demostrar si la movilización temprana se asocia con una mejor funcionalidad después de la cirugía abdominal. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica integrativa realizada a través de una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos: BVS, Scielo, PedRO y Pubmed utilizando los descriptores: early mobilisation, early ambulation, postoperative care, postoperative period, functional status, physical exercise, rehabilitation, functionality and abdominal surgery, en inglés, portugués y español. Resultados: La muestra final consistió en 08 artículos científicos, que se estructuraron en forma de tabla para presentar sus principales características, los métodos y los principales resultados. Conclusión: La movilización temprana se asocia con un rápido retorno a la funcionalidad de base preoperatoria, a las actividades de la vida diaria, a la independencia funcional, así como a una estancia hospitalaria más corta y a una menor duración de los síntomas postoperatorios desagradables.

Manejo enfermero de la atresia esofágica en el paciente neonatal / Nursing management of oesophageal atresia in neonatal patients

La atresia de esófago se describe como una anomalía congénita del aparato digestivo en el que existe una interrupción en el desarrollo del esófago y donde puede haber o no comunicación con la vía aérea, es decir, con la tráquea, pudiendo agravar así la función respiratoria del recién nacido. En este artículo se presenta el caso clínico de un recién nacido a término con esta patología que es intervenido quirúrgicamente a los dos días de vida. Tras la cirugía se traslada a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN) para una vigilancia y monitorización estrecha. Se detectan las complicaciones potenciales: infección secundaria y aspiración secundaria, ambas secundarias a procedimiento invasivo. Como diagnósticos enfermeros se identifican: riesgo de desequilibrio del volumen de líquidos, riesgo de úlcera por presión y deterioro de la integridad cutánea. Tras poner en marcha el plan de cuidados, la evolución del paciente es satisfactoria. Es fundamental el seguimiento clínico de estos pacientes para evitar complicaciones no solo a corto plazo, sino también a largo plazo, en el domicilio.(AU)

Oesophageal atresia is described as a congenital anomaly of the digestive tract where there is an interruption in the development of the oesophagus, and there can be communication or not with the airway, that is to say, with the trachea, which could worsen the respiratory function of the newborn. This article presents the case report of a full-term newborn with this condition who underwent a surgical procedure two days after birth. After surgery, he was transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for close monitoring. Potential complications secondary to the invasive procedure were detected: secondary infection and secondary aspiration. The nursing diagnoses identified were: risk of fluid volume imbalance, risk of pressure ulcer, and deterioration of the skin integrity. After implementing the plan of care, the evolution of the patient was satisfactory. Clinical follow-up at home for these patients is essential in order to prevent complications, not only at short term but also at long term.(AU)

Clinical guide to perioperative management for videothoracoscopy lung resection (Section of Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Anesthesia, SEDAR; Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery, SECT; Spanish Society of Physiotherapy).

The introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) techniques has led to a new approach in thoracic surgery. VATS is performed by inserting a thoracoscope through a small incisions in the chest wall, thus maximizing the preservation of muscle and tissue. Because of its low rate of morbidity and mortality, VATS is currently the technique of choice in most thoracic procedures. Lung resection by VATS reduces prolonged air leaks, arrhythmia, pneumonia, postoperative pain and inflammatory markers. This reduction in postoperative complications shortens hospital length of stay, and is particularly beneficial in high-risk patients with low tolerance to thoracotomy. Compared with conventional thoracotomy, the oncological results of VATS surgery are similar or even superior to those of open surgery. This aim of this multidisciplinary position statement produced by the thoracic surgery working group of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery (SECT), and the Spanish Association of Physiotherapy (AEF) is to standardize and disseminate a series of perioperative anaesthesia management guidelines for patients undergoing VATS lung resection surgery. Each recommendation is based on an in-depth review of the available literature by the authors. In this document, the care of patients undergoing VATS surgery is organized in sections, starting with the surgical approach, and followed by the three pillars of anaesthesia management: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative anaesthesia.

Guía clínica en el manejo perioperatorio para la cirugía de resección pulmonar por videotoracoscopia (Sección de Anestesia Cardiaca, Vascular y Torácica, SEDAR; Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica, SECT; Asociación Española de Fisioterapia, AEF) / Clinical guide to perioperative management for videothoracoscopy lung resection (Section of Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Anesthesia, SEDAR; Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery, SECT; Spanish Society of Physiotherapy)

La introducción de técnicas toracoscópicas asistidas por video en cirugía torácica (VATS) ha permitido realizar un nuevo enfoque en la cirugía torácica. El acceso videotoracoscópico se realiza con pequeñas incisiones, preservando al máximo los músculos y los tejidos. En la actualidad, la VATS se considera de elección en la mayoría de los procedimientos torácicos, principalmente debido a la menor morbimortalidad asociada. La resección pulmonar por VATS presenta reducción de las fugas de aire prolongadas, arritmias, neumonía, dolor postoperatorio y una disminución de los marcadores inflamatorios. Esta reducción de las complicaciones postoperatorias está vinculada a una reducción de la estancia hospitalaria, siendo los pacientes de alto riesgo y con poca tolerancia a la toracotomía los principales beneficiarios de esta técnica.En comparación con la toracotomía convencional, los?resultados?oncológicos de la cirugía VATS son similares o incluso superiores a los de la cirugía abierta.Este documento, de redacción multidisciplinar, consensuado por el grupo de trabajo de cirugía torácica de la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (SEDAR), de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica (SECT) y la Asociación Española de Fisioterapia (AEF), pretende estandarizar y difundir, con base en la bibliografía más actual, las mejores pautas de manejo clínico perioperatorio de los pacientes que se someten a una cirugía de resección pulmonar por VATS. Cada recomendación parte de una revisión de la literatura disponible y analizada en profundidad por los autores.Con el objetivo de dirigir el curso asistencial que seguirá el paciente que se somete a una cirugía pulmonar por VATS, esta guía se organiza inicialmente en el enfoque quirúrgico, seguido de los tres puntos clásicos del proceso anestésico. Estos puntos son preoperatorio, intraoperatorio y postoperatorio.(AU)

The introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) techniques has led to a new approach in thoracic surgery. VATS is performed by inserting a thoracoscope through a small incisions in the chest wall, thus maximizing the preservation of muscle and tissue. Because of its low rate of morbidity and mortality, VATS is currently the technique of choice in most thoracic procedures. Lung resection by VATS reduces prolonged air leaks, arrhythmia, pneumonia, postoperative pain and inflammatory markers. This reduction in postoperative complications shortens hospital length of stay, and is particularly beneficial in high-risk patients with low tolerance to thoracotomy.Compared with conventional thoracotomy, the oncological results of VATS surgery are similar or even superior to those of open surgery.This aim of this multidisciplinary position statement produced by the thoracic surgery working group of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery (SECT), and the Spanish Association of Physiotherapy (AEF) is to standardize and disseminate a series of perioperative anaesthesia management guidelines for patients undergoing VATS lung resection surgery. Each recommendation is based on an in-depth review of the available literature by the authors.In this document, the care of patients undergoing VATS surgery is organized in sections, starting with the surgical approach, and followed by the three pillars of anaesthesia management: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative anaesthesia.(AU)

Eventos adversos postquirúrgicos asociados con características sociodemográficas y de salud en un hospital de tercer nivel / Postoperative adverse events associated with sociodemographic and health-related characteristics in a tertiary hospital

Objetivo: analizar los eventos adversos postquirúrgicos (EAP) de pacientes sometidos a una intervención quirúrgica en un hospital de tercer nivel. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional y ambispectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a cirugía cuyo registro de quirófanos estuviera completo (n= 322). Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia en un hospital mexicano. Se utilizó una cédula de recolección de datos de la historia clínica y se efectuaron llamadas telefónicas de seguimiento postquirúrgico. Se analizó el riesgo mediante razón de momios y la asociación mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado y regresión logística binaria, considerando un intervalo de confianza de 95% y significancia estadística < 0,05. Resultados: se incluyeron 274 pacientes (85,1%). La edad media fue de 55 años (DE: 16,37), el 51,5% era mujer, el 67% se hallaba en nivel de pobreza y un 70,5% presentaba ≥ 1 comorbilidades, siendo las más comunes: hipertensión (40,5%) y diabetes (29,9%). El 38% de los pacientes tuvo sobrepeso y el 29% obesidad grado I. Un 21,9% desarrolló ≥ 1 EAP, siendo los más frecuentes las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (39,1%) y las infecciones de vías urinarias (23%). Se calculó un OR de 10,1 más riesgo de presentar un EAP según se prolonga la estancia hospitalaria (IC95% 2,003-50,924), y un OR de 4,70 veces más riesgo ante una cirugía urgente (IC95% 2,558-8,977). A mayor índice de masa corporal se hallaron más complicaciones neuroquirúrgicas (p= 0,045), hemorragias y reingresos (p< 0,001). Conclusiones: existen factores de riesgo de aparición de EAP como estancias hospitalarias prolongadas, ser intervenido de urgencia y tener un alto índice de masa corporal.(AU)

Objective: to analyse the postoperative adverse events (PAE) in patients undergoing a surgical intervention in a third level hospital. Methods: a descriptive, observational and ambispective study, including patients undergoing surgery, with a complete surgical record (n= 322). Convenience sampling was conducted in a Mexican hospital. A data collection card was used in clinical records, and post-surgical follow-up phone calls were made. Risk was analysed through odd ratios, and there was association analysis through Chi square test and binary logistic regression, considering a 95% confidence interval and < 0,05 for statistical significance. Results: the study included 274 patients (85.1%). Their mean age was 55 years (SD: 16.37), 51.5% were female, 67% were at poverty level, and 70.5% presented ≥ 1 comorbidities, with hypertension (40.5%) and diabetes (29.9%) as the most common. A 38% of the patients had excess weight, and 29% presented Obesity Grade I. A 21.9% developed ≥ 1 PAE; the most frequent were surgical site infections (39.1%) and urinary infections (23%). It was calculated that the OR for the risk of presenting a PAE was 10.1 higher when the hospital stay was prolonged (CI95% 2.003-50.924), and there was an OR of 4.70 times more risk when faced with emergency surgery (CI95% 2.558-8.977). More neurosurgical complications p= 0.045), haemorrhages and readmissions (p< 0,001) were found with a higher body mass index. Conclusions: there are factors of risk for developing PAE, such as prolonged hospital stays, undergoing an emergency surgery, and presenting a high body mass index.(AU)

Beneficios del ácido tranexámico en pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia de rodilla unilateral / Benefits of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing unilateral knee arthroplasty

Objetivo: analizar los beneficios clínicos del uso de ácido tranexámico (TXA) en pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia de rodilla unilateral.Método: se realizó un estudio analítico transversal en las áreas quirúrgicas de dos hospitales en Sevilla (España) en pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia de rodilla con uso de TXA y sin él. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas intra y post-operatorias (dolor, sangrado, autotransfusión, constantes vitales) y tiempo de estancia en la unidad de reanimación post-operatoria y en la unidad de hospitalización. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo a través de la historia clínica, hojas de constantes vitales y a través de observación directa en el seguimiento. Se utilizaron pruebas de contraste de hipótesis no paramétricas con una significación de p≤ 0,05.Resultados: participaron 72 pacientes: 35 recibieron TXA y 37 no. La mayoría de los participantes era mujer de entre 70 y 79 años. En ambos grupos la lateralidad de la rodilla intervenida fue similar, predominando la izquierda (60% en los que recibieron TXA y 51,4% en los que no). Se halló una menor proporción de personas con hipertensión (p= 0,011) y con necesidad de autotransfusión (p< 0,001) que habían recibido TXA. En este grupo disminuyeron también los tiempos de estancia en las unidades de reanimación y hospitalización, el sangrado y el dolor, y aumentó la saturación de oxígeno (todo p< 0,05).Conclusiones: la administración de TXA produce mejoras significativas en la clínica y recuperación postquirúrgica y reduce la estancia en el hospital, lo que podría implicar mejoras en el flujo de trabajo y en los costes asociados.(AU)

Objective: to analyse the clinical benefits of the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients undergoing unilateral knee arthroplasty.Method: a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the surgical areas of two hospitals in Seville (Spain), in patients who had undergone knee arthroplasty using TXA and without it. Sociodemographic variables were collected, as well as clinical variables during and after surgery (pain, bleeding, self-transfusion, vital signs), and time of stay at the post-operative Resuscitation Unit and the Hospitalization Unit. Data collection was conducted through clinical records, vital sign sheets, and direct observation during follow-up. Non-parametric hypothesis contrast tests were used, with a p≤ 0.05 significance.Results: the study included 72 patients: 35 received TXA and 37 did not. Most participants were 70-to-79-year-old women. In both arms, there was similar laterality of the operated knee, with prevalence of the left one (60% in those receiving TXA and 51.4% in those who did not). A lower proportion of persons with hypertension (p= 0.011) and who required self-transfusion (p< 0.001) was found among those receiving TXA. This arm also showed a reduction in the times of stay in the Resuscitation and Hospitalization Units, bleeding and pain, and an increase in oxygen saturation (everything p< 0.05).Conclusions: TXA administration causes significant improvements in clinical signs and post-surgical recovery, and reduces the hospital stay, which could result in improvements in the workflow and associated costs.(AU)

Perioperative management of pheocromocytoma/paraganglioma: a comprehensive review / Manejo perioperatorio del feocromocitoma/ paraganglioma: una revisión exhaustiva

Abstract Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms that require adequate preoperative evaluation in order to prevent and lessen the serious complications of catecholamine hypersecretion. Preoperative management contributes to reducing morbidity and mortality rates in patients who have not been diagnosed with this condition and undergo any surgery. However, current mortality seems to be lower, a fact attributed to preoperative management with alpha blockers.

Resumen Los feocromocitomas son neoplasias neuroendocrinas poco frecuentes que requieren una evaluación preoperatoria adecuada, con el fin de prevenir y disminuir las complicaciones graves de la hipersecreción de catecolaminas. El manejo preoperatorio contribuye a disminuir las tasas de morbimortalidad en los pacientes que no han sido diagnosticados con esta entidad y son sometidos a cualquier cirugía. Sin embargo, la mortalidad actual parece ser más baja, hecho atribuido a un manejo preoperatorio con α-bloqueadores.

Clinical guide to perioperative management for videothoracoscopy lung resection (Section of Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Anesthesia, SEDAR; Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery, SECT; Spanish Society of Physiotherapy). / Guía clínica en el manejo perioperatorio para la cirugía de resección pulmonar por videotoracoscopia (Sección de Anestesia Cardiaca, Vascular y Torácica, SEDAR; Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica, SECT; Asociación Española de Fisioterapia, AEF).

The introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) techniques has led to a new approach in thoracic surgery. VATS is performed by inserting a thoracoscope through a small incisions in the chest wall, thus maximizing the preservation of muscle and tissue. Because of its low rate of morbidity and mortality, VATS is currently the technique of choice in most thoracic procedures. Lung resection by VATS reduces prolonged air leaks, arrhythmia, pneumonia, postoperative pain and inflammatory markers. This reduction in postoperative complications shortens hospital length of stay, and is particularly beneficial in high-risk patients with low tolerance to thoracotomy. Compared with conventional thoracotomy, the oncological results of VATS surgery are similar or even superior to those of open surgery. This aim of this multidisciplinary position statement produced by the thoracic surgery working group of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery (SECT), and the Spanish Association of Physiotherapy (AEF) is to standardize and disseminate a series of perioperative anaesthesia management guidelines for patients undergoing VATS lung resection surgery. Each recommendation is based on an in-depth review of the available literature by the authors. In this document, the care of patients undergoing VATS surgery is organized in sections, starting with the surgical approach, and followed by the three pillars of anaesthesia management: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative anaesthesia.

Postoperative circuits in patients undergoing elective craniotomy. A narrative review. / Circuitos postoperatorios en los pacientes sometidos a craneotomía programada. Revisión narrativa.

In 2017, the Neurosciences section of the Spanish Society of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Therapy published a national survey on postoperative care and treatment circuits in neurosurgery. The survey showed that practices vary widely, depending on the centre, the anaesthesiologist and the pathology of the patient. There is currently no standard postoperative circuit for cranial neurosurgical procedures in Spanish hospitals, and there is sufficient evidence to show that not all patients undergoing elective craniotomy should be routinely admitted to a postsurgical critical care unit. The aim of this study is to perform a narrative review of postoperative circuits in elective craniotomy in order to standardise clinical practice in the light of published studies. For this purpose, we searched MEDLINE (PubMed) to retrieve studies published in the last ten years, up to November 2019, using the keywords neurosurgery and postoperative care, craniotomyand postoperative care.

Organization of the operating room and specific instruments for the implant of penile prosthesis. / Organización del quirófano e instrumental específico para el implante de prótesis de pene.

After more than 1600 penile implant surgeries, we can affirm the need for a procedure protocol of the steps prior to this type of surgery, and the importance of carefully control the preparation for the surgical act. The instruments that must be available for surgery include elements that have been specifically designed for this type of intervention, such as the Cavernotomo dilators (Rossello®) or the Furlow. These are essential for penile implant surgeries in the usual practice, especially in complex cases or when complications arise. We should avoid complications as much as we can, or at least we should be able to minimize, address and resolve them with effective organization and adequate instruments. Undoubtedly, the surgeon's skills and experience are one of the key components for success, but the great importance of an adequately performed and rigorously applied protocol by all team members should not be underestimated. The objective of this article is to explain the basis of the details of this procedure in a clear and realistic way.

Perioperative in Intensive Medicine of reconstructive surgery and burned patients. / Perioperatorio de cirugía plástica reconstructiva y quemados en Medicina Intensiva.

Burned patients may need prolonged admissions in the Intensive Care Service, both for initial care and for the pre and postoperative treatment of the multiple surgeries they require. The initial resuscitation of critically burned patients requires adequate monitoring to calculate the fluid therapy necessary to replenish the losses and ensure tissue perfusion, but without excesses that increase interstitial edema. In addition, monitoring can evaluate the systemic inflammatory response that can lead to shock and organic dysfunctions. After this initial phase we will find a critical patient who requires multiple reinterventions in non-optimal situations, so he will need special care over a long period of time. In addition, the Intensive Care Service offers specific postoperative care for reconstructive surgery and the transplantation of composite tissues (upper limb and face) in which its success depends on a rigorous control through adequate monitoring and treatment.

Cirugía electiva en organizaciones no COVID durante la pandemia / Elective surgery in non COVID organizations during the pandemic

Este es un trabajo prospectivo, observacional, con el objetivo de cuantificar el riesgo que representa realizar cirugía electiva en medio de la pandemia por COVID-19. Presentamos la experiencia acumulada durante tres meses en el Centro de Cirugía Ambulatoria IPS (Bogotá, D.C., Colombia), adecuada para la atención de pacientes "No COVID-19", analizando información recaudada en 667 pacientes, con riesgo anestésico bajo, llevados a cirugía de mediana complejidad. Nuestros resultados definen que es seguro intervenir este tipo de pacientes, que no aumenta el riesgo de presentar complicaciones ni el riesgo de contagio para pacientes o profesionales de atención de la salud.

This is a prospective, observational study with the objective of quantifying the risk posed by elective surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. We present the experience accumulated over three months at the IPS Ambulatory Surgery Center (Bogotá, DC, Colombia), suitable for the care of non-COVID-19 patients, analyzing information collected in 667 patients, with low anesthetic risk, taken to surgery of medium complexity. Our results define that it is safe to intervene in this type of patient, that it does not increase the risk of presenting complications or the risk of contagion for patients or health care professionals.

Orientações de alta hospitalar para o desempenho do autocuidado após a cirurgia cardíaca: revisão integrativa / Orientaciones de alta hospitalaria para el rendimiento del autocuidado después de la cirugía cardíaca: revisión integrativa / Hospital discharge guidelines for self-care performance after cardiac surgery: integrative review

Objetivo: identificar as orientações de saúde necessárias, para que o paciente em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca possa desempenhar comportamentos de autocuidado após a alta hospitalar. Método: revisão integrativa, seguindo as etapas propostas por Whittemore, limitada aos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, e publicação entre 2007 e 2018. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados disponíveis nas bibliotecas virtuais PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e o instrumento de Ursi para extração dos dados. Classificaram-se os artigos conforme o nível de evidência. Resultados: foram incluídos seis artigos. Os achados possibilitaram a criação de nove categorias que agrupam as orientações de saúde para o desempenho do autocuidado após alta hospitalar decorrente de cirurgia cardíaca. Conclusão: atividades de vida diária, alimentação, atividade e exercício físico, sintomas psicológicos, controle de fatores de risco, complicações, terapia medicamentosa, manejo dos sintomas e pele foram orientações de saúde identificadas para o desempenho do autocuidado após alta hospitalar de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca.

Objetivo: identificar las orientaciones de salud necesarias, para que el paciente en el período postoperatorio de la cirugía cardíaca pueda realizar comportamientos de cuidado personal después del alta hospitalaria. Método: revisión integradora, siguiendo los pasos propuestos por Whittemore, limitada a los idiomas portugués, inglés y español, y publicación entre 2007 y 2018. Fueron utilizadas las bases de datos disponibles en las bibliotecas virtuales PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y el instrumento Ursi para la extracción de datos. Los artículos fueron clasificados de acuerdo con el nivel de evidencia. Resultados: se incluyeron seis artículos. Los hallazgos permitieron la creación de nueve categorías que agrupan las orientaciones de salud para el desempeño del autocuidado después del alta hospitalaria debido a la cirugía cardíaca. Conclusión: las actividades de la vida diaria, la dieta, la actividad y el ejercicio físico, los síntomas psicológicos, el control de los factores de riesgo, las complicaciones, la terapia farmacológica, el manejo de los síntomas y la piel fueron orientaciones de salud identificadas para el desempeño del autocuidado después del alta hospitalaria de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca.

Objective: to identify the necessary health guidelines, so that the patient in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery can perform self-care behaviors after hospital discharge. Method: integrative review, following the steps proposed by Whittemore, limited to the Portuguese, English and Spanish languages, and publication between 2007 and 2018. The databases used were available on the virtual libraries PubMed and Virtual Health Library and the Ursi instrument for data extraction. The articles were classified according to the level of evidence. Results: six articles were included. The findings allowed creating nine categories that group the health guidelines for self-care performance after hospital discharge from cardiac surgery. Conclusion: activities of daily living, diet, physical activity and exercise, psychological symptoms, control of risk factors, complications, drug therapy, management of symptoms and skin were health guidelines identified for the performance of self-care after hospital discharge of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Cuidado de enfermería postoperación de Tromboendarterectomia Pulmonar Bilateral. Estudio de caso fundamentado en los principios de Henderson / Nursing care after Bilateral Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy. Case study based on Henderson's principles / Cuidados de enfermagem após tromboendarterectomia pulmonar bilateral. Estudo de caso baseado nos princípios de Henderson

Resumen Introducción La tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) es un padecimiento que se presenta con frecuencia de manera silenciosa, el 50 % o más de los casos no se diagnostica. Se define como la oclusión total o parcial de la circulación pulmonar, ocasionada por un coágulo sanguíneo proveniente de la circulación venosa sistémica, incluidas las cavidades derechas y que, de acuerdo a su magnitud, puede o no originar síntomas. Está considerada como una urgencia cardiovascular y constituye una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados. Objetivo Desarrollar un Estudio de caso basado en el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería en la persona postoperada de Tromboendarterectomía Pulmonar Bilateral en Unidad de cuidados intensivos postquirúrgica de un Instituto Nacional de Tercer Nivel de la Ciudad de México. Método Estudio de caso basado en las etapas del proceso enfermero, se utilizó una Guía de valoración de las 14 necesidades de Virginia Henderson, jerarquización de Diagnósticos enfermeros, se ofreció una atención integral enfocada en cuidados especializados para cubrir las necesidades más afectadas en la persona. Conclusiones La aplicación del proceso de atención enfermero con base en la valoración de las 14 necesidades de Virginia Henderson, identificó que las necesidades más afectadas fueron; Oxigenación/Circulación y Evitar peligros, con la jerarquización se determinó que es imprescindible el conocimiento de enfermería en intervenciones especificas en el proceso postoperatorio de Tromboendarterectomía como: la detección del riesgo de alteraciones del ritmo cardiaco, valoración e intervenciones en insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, la propensión a eventos trombóticos secundarios a afección genética, para el logro de la recuperación de la salud de manera exitosa.

Abstract Introduction Since a pulmonary embolism (PE) can develop silently, more than 50 % of cases are not diagnosed until clear signs and symptoms are present. It is defined as the partial or total blockage of pulmonary circulation due to a blood clot which originated from the venous circulation elsewhere. Considered a cardiovascular urgency, it is a main cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Objective Based on the Nursing Process, to carry out a study case on a person who underwent surgery for Bilateral Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy in the ICU of a Third Level of Care National Institute of Mexico City. Method This is a study case which followed the stages of the Nursing Process. An assessment guide of the 14 needs proposed by Virginia Henderson was utilized. Nursing diagnoses were ranked. An integral and specialized care addressing the patient's most important needs was offered. Conclusions The most important needs identified were: promoting oxygenation and circulation, and preventing risks. From the diagnoses analysis, it was determined that nursing knowledge is crucial in post thromboendarterectomy interventions, in terms of heart rate alteration risk detection, acute respiratory insufficiency assessment, and secondary thrombotic events prevention, all these in order to achieve a successful recovery.

Resumo Introdução A trombo embolia pulmonar (TEP) é uma doença que se apresenta com frequência de maneira silenciosa, o 50 % ou mais dos casos não se diagnostica. Define-se como a oclusão total ou parcial da circulação pulmonar, ocasionada por um coágulo sanguíneo proveniente da circulação venosa sistémica, incluídas as cavidades direitas e que, conforme sua magnitude, pode ou não originar sintomas. É considerada como uma urgência cardiovascular e constitui uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados. Objetivo Desenvolver um Estudo de caso baseado no Processo de Atenção de Enfermagem na pessoa pós-perada de Tromboendarterectomia Pulmonar Bilateral na Unidade de cuidados intensivos post-cirúrgica de um Instituto Nacional de Terceiro Nível da Cidade do México. Método Estudo de Caso baseado nas etapas do processo enfermeiro, utilizou-se uma Guia de avaliação das 14 necessidades de Virginia Henderson, hierarquização de Diagnósticos enfermeiros, ofereceu-se uma atenção integral focalizada em cuidados especializados para cobrir as necessidades mais afetadas na pessoa. Conclusões A aplicação do processo de atenção enfermeiro com base na avaliação das 14 necessidades de Virginia Henderson, identificou que as necessidades mais afetadas foram; Oxigenação/Circulação e Evitar perigos, com a hierarquização determinou-se que é imprescindível o conhecimento de enfermagem em intervenções especificas no processo pós-operatório de Tromboendarterectomia como: a detecção do risco de alterações do ritmo cardíaco, avaliação e intervenções em insuficiência respiratória aguda, a propensão a eventos trombóticos secundários a afecção genética, para o sucesso da recuperação da saúde de maneira bem-sucedida.

Revisión Bibliográfica: Cuidados y Complicaciones Postquirúrgicas Mediatas y Tardías en Adultos / Bibliographic Review: Medium and Long-Term Post-Surgical Care and Complications in Adults

INTRODUCCIÓN: La intervención quirúrgica es una práctica médica específica realizada sobre un órgano interno o externo, para lo cual el paciente recibe anestesia general o local, realizada en un quirófano estéril y su pronta recuperación ayuda a la inserción familiar y social. Desde el momento en que se diagnostica una enfermedad y su tratamiento va a requerir un ingreso hospitalario para la realización de una intervención quirúrgica, tanto el paciente como sus familiares pueden experimentar diversas alteraciones emocionales. El período postoperatorio se inicia cuando termina la intervención y se revierte la anestesia, el paciente es estabilizado hemodinámicamente y es trasladado al servicio de hospitalización hasta el alta definitiva. En este período se ponen de manifiesto retos para el equipo médico y de enfermería en cuanto a las interacciones que han de ser eficaces, evitando complicaciones postquirúrgicas y morbimortalidad en los pacientes. El objetivo de la revisión bibliográfica es proporcionar al personal médico y de enfermería los conocimientos científicos, necesarios para ayudar al paciente a la recuperación física y psíquica tras la intervención quirúrgica y evitar complicaciones, además fomentar la autonomía del paciente; administrar analgésicos, antieméticos o antibióticos, una dieta adecuada, motivar e influir en la evolución y recuperación fácil y significativa del paciente

Surgical intervention is a specific medical procedure in an internal or external organ for which the patient receives general or local anesthesia, is performed in a sterile operating room. Early recovery helps family and social insertion. From the moment in which a surgical condition is diagnosed, the patient and family may experience multiple emotional disturbances. The postoperative period begins when anesthesia is finalized; the patient must be stabilized and transferred to the proper post-operative care unit until discharge. During this period, multiples challenges are present for medical and nursing staff, the proper interaction between teams must be effective with the objective of avoid postsurgical complications and decrease morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of the bibliographic review is to provide medical and nursing staff with the scientific knowledge necessary to help the patient to achieve physically and psychologically recovery and avoid post-surgical complications. In addition, it is important to encourage the correct administration of medication by heath care